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KMID : 0358320090500121159
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Korean Journal of Urology
2009 Volume.50 No. 12 p.1159 ~ p.1167
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Twist and Shout: A Clinical and Experimental Review of Testicular Torsion
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Riyad T. Ellati
Parviz K. Kavoussi
Terry T. Turner
Jeffrey J. Lysiak
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Abstract
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Purpose: This review addresses different aspects of testicular torsion from the clinical perspective as well as the basic cellular and molecular events responsible for the post-torsion testicular changes and pathology, including tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Materials and Methods: A review of all published literature on testicular torsion was performed by use of two search engines.
Results: Testicular torsion, or more correctly termed torsion of the spermatic cord, is a surgical emergency in order to salvage the testis. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 4,000 per annum. Testicular torsion must be treated promptly to avoid loss of the ipsilateral testis; however, even with torsion repair and gross testicular salvage, significant injury may still occur.
Conclusions: The cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to ischemia- reperfusion injury are incompletely understood, and adjuncts to surgical treatment have received little attention. Understanding the cellular and molecular effects is important because 25% of males with a history of torsion may experience adult infertility. This review emphasizes current knowledge of basic science results and clinical outcomes of testicular torsion.
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KEYWORD
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Testis, Testicular torsion, Ischemia, Reperfusion, Apoptosis
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